Formulation and evaluation of antioxidant activity of lip moisturizing serum containing dragon fruit pulp extract (Selenicereus monacanthus (Lem.) D.R.Hunt) and avocado pulp oil (Persea americana Mill.)

Ade Irfan; Shelly Taurhesia; Kosasih

doi:10.35814/jifi.v24i1.2054

Authors

Ade Irfan Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
Shelly Taurhesia Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
Kosasih Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v24i1.2054

Keywords:

Cosmetic formulation, DPPH assay, natural antioxidants, Persea americana, Selenicereus monacanthus, skin hydration

Abstract

This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a lip moisturizing serum containing dragon fruit extract (Selenicereus monacanthus (Lem.) D.R.Hunt) and avocado oil (Persea americana Mill.) with a focus on antioxidant activity, moisturizing efficacy, irritation potential, and physical stability. The combination of both ingredients was optimized at a 2:1 ratio of extract to oil, which exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Based on this ratio, three serum formulations were developed: F0 (placebo), F1 (100×), and F2 (200×). The formulations were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, moisturizing performance, irritation response, and stability using a cycling test. The results demonstrated that the antioxidant activity decreased after formulation but remained strong for F1 and F2 after formulation. Among all formulations, F2 exhibited optimal characteristics - strong antioxidant effect, high moisturizing ability, stable physicochemical properties, and no signs of irritation. These findings indicate that the 2:1 combination of dragon fruit extract and avocado oil can be successfully developed into a stable, effective, and antioxidant-rich natural lip-moisturizing serum.

References

[1] O. R. Devkate Ankita D. Jaybhay Dnyaneshwar B., Dadagal Pratiksha K. Mane Prajakta P., “Review on Natural Lip Balm,” Int. J. Res. Cosmet. Sci., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1–6, 2022, [Online]. Available: http://www.urpjournals.com

[2] N. Agustia and R. Mardiana, “Formulasi Sediaan Lip Gloss Dari Esktrak Etanol Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea Batatas L),” J. Pharm. Heal. Res., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 82–86, 2021, doi: 10.47065/jharma.v2i3.1302.

[3] M. Joshi and B. Prabhakar, “Phytoconstituents and pharmaco-therapeutic benefits of pitaya: A wonder fruit,” J. Food Biochem., vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1–15, 2020, doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13260.

[4] M. Flores, C. Saravia, C. E. Vergara, F. Avila, H. Valdés, and J. Ortiz-Viedma, “Avocado oil: Characteristics, properties, and applications,” Molecules, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1–21, 2019, doi: 10.3390/molecules24112172.

[5] J. B. Harborne, “Phytochemical Methods. A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis,” Biochem. Syst. Ecol., vol. 21, no. 8, p. 849, 1993, doi: 10.1016/0305-1978(93)90098-c.

[6] V. P. B. V. P. Borkar, I. S. Ingale Sakshi, D. N. Done Nikita, S. R. Somwanshi Rishikesh, and W. S. Watode Shubham, “Herbal Lip Balm Using Natural Ingradients,” Int. J. Pharm. Res. Appl., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1156–1160, 2025, doi: 10.35629/4494-100311561160.

[7] M. Miranti, S. Wardatun, and A. Fauzi, “Aktivitas Antioksidan Minuman Jeli Sari Buah Pepaya California (Carica papaya L.),” FITOFARMAKA J. Ilm. Farm., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 39–51, 2016, doi: 10.33751/jf.v6i1.753.

[8] M. A. Manggau, R. Damayanty, and L. M, “Uji Efektivitas Kelembaban Sabun Transparan Ekstrak Rumput Laut Cokelat (Sargassum Cristaefolium C. Agardh) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Sukrosa,” J. Pharm. Med. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21–26, 2017.

[9] H. Jung, W. Seo, T. Jeong, H. W. Kang, and S. Kim, “A Study on the Skin Irritation Toxicity Test of Processed Sulfur in New Zealand White Rabbit,” J. Pharmacopuncture, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 46–51, 2022, doi: 10.3831/KPI.2022.25.1.46.

[10] R. C. Rowe, P. J. Sheskey, and M. E. Quinn, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th ed., vol. Part F3067. Pharmaceutical Press, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-75073-6_2.

[11] Z. D. Draelos, Cosmetic formulation of skin care products. 2005.

[12] A. Tahsin, R. Arif, E. Bayrakdar, and S. Uthirapathy, “In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Avocado Fruit Oil in Erbil, Kurdistan Region,” Eurasian J. Sci. Eng., vol. 8, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.23918/eajse.v8i3p298.

[13] M. Widianingsih, “Antioxidant Activity Extract Methanol Of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C Weber) Britton & Rose) Obtained Maceration And Evaporation By Dry Air,” J. Wiyata, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 146–150, 2016.

[14] M. Lodén, “Role of Topical Emollients and Moisturizers in the Treatment of Dry Skin Barrier Disorders,” Am. J. Clin. Dermatol., vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 771–788, 2003, doi: 10.2165/00128071-200304110-00005.

[15] M. K. Robinson and M. A. Perkins, “A strategy for skin irritation testing,” Am. J. Contact Dermat., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 21–29, 2002, doi: 10.1053/ajcd.2002.30471.

[16] L. H. A. L. J. L. K. LACHMAN, “The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy,” J. Pharm. Sci., vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 1531–1532, 1970, doi: 10.1002/jps.2600591047.

[17] R. M. Martinez et al., “Betalains: A Narrative Review on Pharmacological Mechanisms Supporting the Nutraceutical Potential Towards Health Benefits,” Foods, vol. 13, no. 23, pp. 1–27, 2024, doi: 10.3390/foods13233909.