The transformation of titrimetric methods in pharmaceutical, herbal and food analysis: a literature review (2013–2026s)

Faridah Faridah; Diva Dwi Putri Permatasari; Andri Prasetiyo; Intan Permata Sari

doi:10.35814/jifi.v24i2.2183

Penulis

Faridah Faridah Faculty of pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia
Diva Dwi Putri Permatasari Faculty of pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia
Andri Prasetiyo Faculty of pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia
Intan Permata Sari Faculty of pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v24i2.2183

Kata Kunci:

Analytical methods, food analysis, green analytical chemistry, herbal materials, pharmaceutical analysis

Abstrak

The development of analytical methods in the fields of pharmaceuticals, plant/herbal ingredients, and food shows a significant transformation from classical titrimetry toward more selective and efficient instrumental and digital techniques This study aims to evaluate method transformation, comparative validity, and the application of green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles in pharmaceutical, herbal, and food analysis based on a literature review. A non-systematic narrative literature review was conducted on 28 Scopus-indexed journal articles covering titrimetry, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, chromatography (HPLC and RP-HPLC), Karl Fischer, atomic spectrometry, as well as μPAD-based innovations, conductometry, and digital analysis. The synthesis showed that classical methods remain relevant because of their simplicity, low cost, and accessibility, but their selectivity may be limited in complex matrices. Instrumental methods generally provide improved precision, accuracy, and selectivity, particularly for multicomponent samples, whereas miniaturization and digitization enhance analytical efficiency and reduce resource requirements. However, explicit integration of GAC principles remained limited, with only 7 of the 28 reviewed studies demonstrating identifiable green analytical strategies. These findings indicate that analytical modernization does not necessarily result in greener methods. Overall, analytical method development is increasingly integrative, combining classical and instrumental approaches according to analytical requirements, matrix complexity, and sustainability considerations. This review therefore provides a structured evaluative framework for selecting and transforming analytical methods across pharmaceutical, herbal, and food matrices.

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